The Chechen warlord has risen to become an ISIS commander, with at least 130 militants at his disposal, with security sources claiming he was creating terror cells to be sent into Russia.
It comes as pictures emerged of the three suicide bombers - seen smiling together just moments before they carried out the deadly massacre, killing 42 and injuring hundreds.
Security sources have claimed all three came from countries which once fell under the control of the Soviet Union, Dagestan, Kurdistan and Uzbekistan, and may have been part of ISIS' Russian-speaking terror cell.
'Having left jail in Georgia, Chataev moved to Syria and in ISIS he is in charge of the whole Russian sector of work.'
In January, Russian secret services named him as the main recruiter of terrorists from ISIS to Russia and European countries.
Chataev - nicknamed "One-Armed" after he claimed one of his limbs was chopped off in prison - fled Russia 12 years ago, and won refugee status in Austria.
Once in Europe, he sent equipment back to the Northern Caucuses for terrorists to use, it has been reported.
In 2008, he was arrested in Sweden for illegal possession of arms, spending a year in prison after Kalashnikov guns, explosives and bullets were found in his car.'One-Armed' insisted that he was trapped in a sting operation.
After he completed his sentence, he moved to the Ukraine, where he was arrested on a warrant from Russian police - but used his Austrian refugee status to avoid deportation.
Twelve months after that, he was found in Georgia, in the Lopota mountain valley following a battle between police and rebels which saw three policeman and 11 rebels killed. .
Chataev was injured and later detained - but said he had nothing to do with it.
Chataev is also said to have led Chechen Islamist Doku Umarov's armed underground movement of Northern Caucasus from Turkey - perfectly placing him to plan an attack like Tuesday's.
In January, Kremlin-friendly Kommersant newspaper reported that Chataev was 'training executors for acts of terror not only in Russia but also in Western Europe'.
Andrey Przhezdomsky, the advisor to the chairman of the Russian National Anti-terrorism Committee, claimed he is at the head of a special ISIS unit now in charge of arranging blasts in Russian and Europe.
'It mainly consists of Northern Caucasus people and there are ex-officers of the Iraq army among its trainers,' he said.
The North Caucus includes Chechnya and Dagestan, where two of Tuesday's killers are said to have been born.
The claims about Chataev's role came after the detention in Turkey last year of Yakub Ibragimov and Abdulla Abdullaev.
They allegedly admitted to recruiting young Russians via social media, providing them with fake passports, and taking them to ISIS camps where they underwent training organized by Chataev's team.
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