Muammer Guler announced that two rockets struck the building on Friday in the suburb of Dikmen, further noting that another unexploded device was later discovered in an adjoining garden.
Police, meanwhile, have set up roadblocks around the capital in an effort to find those responsible.
Guler, however, did not elaborate on suspected sources of the attacks, but local media reports pointed the finger of blame at the Revolutionary People's Liberation Party-Front (DHKP-C), a far-left armed group.
The local press reported that the police headquarters and an adjacent building housing police social services had both been struck by the two rockets.
Reports further indicate that police were tracking one suspect that had fled the scene following the attack.
Local media also stated that both Guler and police Chief Mehmet Kiliclar visited the scene of the incident.
Last March, the DHKP-C claimed similar rocket and grenade attacks on the justice ministry and the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP).
The group also claimed responsibility for a February suicide bomb attack on the American Embassy in Ankara that killed a Turkish security officer.
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