The full Senate is expected to confirm his nomination later on Tuesday.
President Barack Obama chose the Massachusetts Democrat to succeed Hillary Clinton, who is stepping down after four years, as his top diplomat.
A Vietnam war veteran and senator since 1985, Senator Kerry was the Democratic presidential candidate in 2004.
He first came to national attention as part of his involvement with Vietnam Veterans Against the War.
Senator Kerry's nomination is part of Obama's second-term cabinet reshuffle. Former Senator Chuck Hagel, Obama's pick for secretary of defense, will face a confirmation hearing later this week.