According to emergency services spokesman Ashraf al-Qudra, the 4-year-old child was killed when a shell hit a house to the east of Jabaliya.
The boy, Samih Ijneid, was the first person to be killed in Gaza Monday although three others also succumbed to their injuries during the night, Qudra said.
The Israeli military says it has also carried out three airstrikes on Gaza on Monday , breaking a ceasefire in the fighting at the start of a major Muslim holiday.
The strikes followed an almost 12-hour truce in war-ravaged Gaza.
Meanwhile, The UN Security Council has called for "an immediate and unconditional humanitarian ceasefire" in the Israeli war on Gaza at an emergency meeting in New York.
The council met just after midnight (0400 GMT) Monday morning as Muslims of several countries started celebrating the Eid al-Fitr holiday marking the end of the fasting month of Ramadan.
RA/NJF