The man taking control of the world's top oil exporter is well established in the Persian Gulf kingdom's corridors of power.

Salman, 79, is "a stalwart of the royal family" who is "viewed as a pragmatic and cautious reformer, much like his predecessor," says CNN's Becky Anderson in Abu Dhabi.

He has served as defense minister and deputy prime minister of Saudi Arabia, a vital U.S. ally in the Middle East. Like Abdullah, he's one of the dozens of sons of Saudi Arabia's founder, King Abdulaziz.

Here are some of the key points about the new ruler.

Salman was governor of the Saudi capital, Riyadh, for nearly five decades during a period of significant change.

"When he became governor in 1963, Riyadh had 200,000 inhabitants --- today it has more than seven million," Bruce Riedel, a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution's Center for Middle East Policy, said in a commentary.

"He had to be a combination ... of a reformer, of a judge, a jury in some cases, and deal with dissent, as well as dealing with economic issues," Robert Jordan, a former U.S. ambassador to Saudi Arabia, told CNN. "So I think he's well prepared for the task at hand."

Salman's experience running Riyadh also involved keeping many of the numerous members of the Saudi royal family in line.

"Since most of the royal princes and princesses live in Riyadh, he was also the family sheriff, ensuring any transgressions were dealt with smoothly and quietly, with no publicity," said Riedel, who worked for the CIA for 30 years.

His national roles have since brought him wider responsibility.

Salman "has been chairing cabinet meetings for several months and handling almost all foreign travel responsibilities for the monarchy since he became the heir in 2012," Riedel said.

Salman's ascension to the throne is in line with the appointments put in place by Abdullah before his death.

"I think that you'll see a continuation -- very similar policies, very similar dynamics unfolding," said James Zogby, president of the Arab American Institute. "The kingdom is modernizing; it's changing, it's reforming and it will continue to do so over the next several decades."

Riedel says the royal family "values family collegiality and harmony highly."

"The two previous Saudi kingdoms in the 18th and 19th centuries were wracked by internal family squabbles, which their foreign enemies exploited," he explains. "With the Arab world facing its worst crisis in decades, the royals will want to present an image of stability and strength."

There are concerns about his health.New Saudi King Salman bin Abdulaziz al Saud reportedly suffers dementia.

Salman is one of Abdullah's younger brothers. But at 79, he's not particularly young.

There are unconfirmed reports that he may have various health problems. But with Saudi Arabian media tightly controlled by the state, nobody's really sure what his condition is.

Riedel says Salman has had a stroke, Simon Henderson of the Washington Institute says the new king's brain is "ravaged by dementia," and The Economist reports he's believed to be suffering from Alzheimer's.

"Reports do differ sharply over just how ill Prince Salman really is -- and medical reports on the illnesses of the Saudi royal family can be grossly inaccurate," cautioned Anthony H. Cordesman, a Middle East expert at the Center for Strategic and International Studies.

Salman's schedule of official meetings suggests a degree of health. But Henderson isn't convinced it proves he's highly capable.

"The fact that Salman appears in public at all is attributed to his determination to become king -- or, more likely, the ambition of his closest relatives that he should do so," he wrote last month.

He has a successor waiting in the wings.

Salman's first order after assuming the throne was to appoint his youngest brother, Prince Muqrin, as the new crown prince.

Analysts see that appointment as an effort to ensure future stability. Abdullah had named Muqrin as deputy crown prince in March.

At 69 years old, Muqrin is relatively youthful. A former head of intelligence for the kingdom, he is also reportedly well-liked by world leaders.

Muqrin "has been closely linked to Abdullah and his policies of modernization and reform," according to Cordesman.

But the succession plan isn't without its critics. Muqrin's mother does not have royal blood, which is a sticki.