Police fired tear gas to disperse the demonstrators in the northern island of Sitra on Monday.
Similar protest rallies were staged in several villages such as Shakhura, al-Dair and Shahrakan.
Tensions have been simmering in Bahrain ever since Sheikh Salman, the leader of Al-Wefaq National Islamic Society, was detained on December 28, 2014.
Sheikh Salman is facing several charges, including seeking regime change.
Several human rights groups, including Amnesty International, have called for his immediate release.